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附加资源

在这里,我把本研究中用到的许多关键书目、文章及资源的名称归纳在一起,以便你自己开始研究当今的人工智能、积极心理学及价值观问题。你也可以访问网站heartificial intelligence.com或johnchavens.com,获取本部分PDF格式文档的点击链接。

是的,我会要求你注册并订阅我的新闻邮件。我之所以这样做,是因为我要靠演讲、咨询和写作养家糊口,欢迎大家向我推荐任何参考信息。我也愿意听一听你在人工智能、技术、积极心理学及其他任何我想接触的领域正在做的研究。我由衷地感谢大家买我的书,并花时间读一读。知道我的作品会给他人带来影响是我一生最大的乐趣之一。

不,我不会提到减肥补充剂。除非是要再开一个玩笑,我可能还会再提一次。你可以问问我的孩子——我极爱开玩笑。或许我以前是个奶农。

请注意:虽然这些资源大部分均在本书中有所提及,但还有一些没有出现在书里。

书(小说)

Bradbury, Ray. The Illustrated Man.

Dick, Philip K. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?

Hutchins, Scott. A Working Theory of Love.

书(人工智能)

Barrat, James. Our Final Invention: Artificial Intelligence and the End of the Human Era.

Brain, Marshall. The Second Intelligent Species: How Humans Will Become as Irrelevant as Cockroaches.

Dufty, David F. How to Build an Android: The True Story of Philip K. Dick’s Robotic Resurrection.

Ford, Martin. A Light in the Tunnel.

Ford, Martin. Rise of the Robots.

Neilson, Stan. Robot Nation: Surviving the Greatest Socio- economic Upheaval of All Time.

Rothblatt, Martine. Virtually Human: The Promise and the Peril of Digital Immortality.

Singer, P. W. Wired for War.

Weaver, John Frank. Robots Are People Too.

书(社会学/积极心理学)

Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience.

Klein, Stefan. Survival of the Nicest: How Altruism Made Us Human and Why It Pays to Get Along.

McGonigal, Jane. Reality Is Broken.

Tan, Chade- Meng. Search Inside Yourself.

Turkle, Sherry. Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other.

书(经济学/商业)

Anielski, Mark. The Economics of Happiness: Building Genuine Wealth.

Haidt, Jonathan. The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion.

Pentland, Alex. Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread — the Lessons from a New Science.

Roberts, Russ. How Adam Smith Can Change Your Life: An Unexpected Guide to Human Nature and Happiness.

Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets.

Schumacher, E. F. Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered.

文章

Brain, Marshall. “Manna.” http://marshallbrain.com/manna1.htm.

Brain, Marshall. “Robotic Nation.” http://marshallbrain.com/robotic-nation.htm.

Gelernter, David. “The Closing of the Scientific Mind.” https://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/the-closing-of-the-scientific-mind/.

Havens, John C. “Artificial Intelligence Is Doomed If We Don’t Control Our Data.” http://mashable.com/2014/09/16/artificial-intelligence-failure/.

Havens, John C. “Coming to Terms with Humanity’s Inevitable Union with Machines.” http://mashable.com/2014/04/11/digital-humanity/.

Havens, John C. “The Reason Artificial Intelligence Doesn’t Matter.” https:// www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140620190819-109319-the-reason-artificial-ingelligence-doesn-t-matter? trk= mp- reader- card.

Havens, John C. “You Should Be Afraid of Artificial Intelligence.” http://mashable.com/2013/08/03/artificial-intelligence-fear/.

Ito, Aki. “Your Job Taught to Machines Puts Half U.S. Work at Risk.” http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-03-12/your-job-taught-to-machines-puts-half-u-s-work-at-risk.

Kelly, Kevin. “The Three Breakthroughs That Have Finally Unleashed AIon the World.” http://www.wired.com/2014/10/future-of-artificial-intelligence/.

Lin, Patrick. “The Ethics of Autonomous Cars.” http:// www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/10/the-ethics-of-autonomous-cars/280360/.

Meyer, Eric. “Inadvertent Algorithmic Cruelty.” http:// meyerweb.com/eric/thoughts/2014/12/24/inadvertent-algorithmic-cruelty/.

Naughton, John. “It’s No Joke — The Robots Will Really Take Over This Time.” http:// www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/27/no-joke-robots-taking-over-replace-middle-classes-automatons.

Newman, Judith. “To Siri, with Love.” http:// www.nytimes.com/ 2014/ 10/ 19/fashion/ how-apples-siri-became-one-autistic boys-bff.html?_r= 0.

Tovey, Alan. “Ten Million Jobs at Risk from Advancing Technology.” http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/industry/11219688/Ten-million-jobs-at-risk-from-advancing-technology.html.

Watson, Sara M. “Data Doppelgängers and the Uncanny Valley of Personalization.” http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/data-doppelgangers-and-the-uncanny-valley-of-personalization/372780/.

著名网站/设备/应用

Avatar Secrets. http:// avatarsecrets.com/.

Foc.us headset. http:// www.foc.us/.

Gratitude 365. http:// gratitude365app.com/.

Happify. http:// www.happify.com/.

Happiness Alliance gross national happiness survey. http:// happy counts.org/survey.

HAT (Hub-of- All- Things). http:// hubofallthings.com/.

LifeNaut. https://www.lifenaut.com.

Personal. https://www.personal.com.

RoboPsych Podcast/ Newsletter. http:// www.robopsych.com/.

World Well- being Project (University of Pennsylvania). http:// wwbp.org/.

机构组织

The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). http://www.aaai.org/ home.html.

The Greater Good Science Center. http:// greatergood.berkeley.edu/ membership.

白皮书/报告

Standard in development: BS 8611 Robots and robotic devices – Guide to the ethical design and application of robots and robotic systems. https:// standardsdevelopment.bsigroup.com/ Home/ Project/ 201500218.

World Happiness Report. http:// worldhappiness.report/.

第10章 活动练习

感激

• A问B:“让你心怀感激的人或事物有哪些?”

• B用两三句话来回答。如,“我感激我的家人,因为……”

• A重复B之所以感激的原因:“你感激你的家人,因为……”

• A和B互换,重复上述步骤。

利他主义

• A问B:“你在工作或在家时所想到的、值得与人分享的想法是什么,为什么?”

• B用三四句话来回答。

• A称赞B,从具体的方面说出自己觉得该想法有用的原因。

• A和B互换,重复上述步骤。

心流

• A问B:“你上次沉浸在工作或某项活动中,是在什么时候?”忘记自我就叫作“心流”——正如前面提到的,是做一件你很拿手的活动时的心理体验。

• B用三四句话来回答。

• A问:“在工作或某项活动上多花时间会如何改善你的生活?”

• A和B互换,重复上述步骤。

连接幸福与行动

追踪前幸福评估

马丁·塞利格曼博士是宾夕法尼亚大学杰出的心理学教授、积极心理学的创始人。2011年,他在《持续的幸福》一书中提出了幸福的五大支柱,简称为PERMA(即积极情绪、投入、人际关系、意义和目的、成就)。PERMA分析方法可以对这五大支柱以及消极情绪与健康进行测量。

请阅读以下问题,并勾选你感觉最能描述你的分数。请如实作答——答案没有对错之分。1代表“完全不”或“永远不”,10代表“完全是”或“永远是”。

(续表)

了解你所看重的东西

科学研究表明,如果我们不能依照自己的价值观生活,那么我们的幸福感便会降低。这同时还涉及价值观之间的相互作用,这些价值观决定了我们在生活中所采取的许多行动。

请花一点儿时间思考你是谁,你在生活中看重的东西有哪些。然后,请阅读以下对不同人的描述。请逐条阅读各个描述,并标示出所描述之人跟你有多大程度的相似。请如实作答——答案没有对错之分。所有描述均无好坏之别,只是对不同人的描述而已。请标示出以下每一条的描述跟你的相似度有多少(1代表一点儿也不像你,10代表完全像你)。

(续表)

如要进一步测试,请访问http://www.yourmorals.org/explore.php网站,并点击“施瓦茨价值观量表”旁边的注册链接。